外源硒对60Co-γ辐射下菜豆幼苗生长和生理的影响

为探讨外源硒对⁶⁰Co-γ辐射下菜豆幼苗生长以及生理的影响,以菜豆品种‘13-6-1-2’和‘紫冠’为试验材料,通过外源喷施50 μg/mL的亚硒酸钠(Na₂SeO₃)溶液,研究⁶⁰Co-γ辐射(120 Gy)下外源Se对菜豆的表型、抗氧化酶活性(POD、SOD、CAT)、丙二醛(MDA)、叶绿素以及硒含量的影响。结果显示,⁶⁰Co-γ辐射下外源硒显著提高了菜豆幼苗体内的硒含量,也不同程度提高了抗氧化酶活性及MDA和叶绿素的含量。研究表明,叶面喷施适当浓度的外源硒可以促进菜豆的生长发育,提高菜豆自身的硒含量,提高其抗氧化能力,缓解⁶⁰Co-γ射线对菜豆幼苗生长的影响。     

水稻‘甬优15’分期播种的气象条件适宜性试验研究

研究旨在通过分期播种试验,得到水稻‘甬优15’在本地播种最适宜播期,以提高其产量及品质。根据2016—2020年龙游国家农业气象试验站‘甬优15’分期播种试验数据和2018—2019年水稻品质数据,通过对比试验,得到‘甬优15’的产量与品质和播期的关系。结果表明：（1）播期对‘甬优15’的全生育天数和灌浆期天数有一定影响,主要表现为播期越晚全生育天数减少,灌浆期延长;（2）22℃是灌浆期水稻正常发育阈值,低于22℃的灌浆期平均气温会明显增加水稻灌浆乳熟时间;（3）‘甬优15’水稻直链淀粉含量普遍在10%左右,较易糊化,蛋白质含量接近7%,口感与营养含量较为平衡;（4）当播期推迟至6月中旬之后,‘甬优15’产量有明显降低,品质也有所下降;（5）‘甬优15’播种期控制在5月下旬6月上旬,能明显改善龙游本地单季晚稻产量。     

云南省草果主要病原真菌鉴定及防治药剂筛选

为了明确引起云南草果植株主要病害的病原真菌种类,筛选能有效抑制分离病原菌的杀菌剂,为草果病害化学防治提供依据。采用组织分离法纯化培养,并通过形态学鉴定并结合ITS,TEF,ACT和GAPDH序列分析确定病原菌的分类地位;通过菌丝生长速率法,明确7种杀菌剂对草果主要病害的防治效果。结果表明,分离到的菌株为禾谷镰刀菌(Fusarium graminearum)和胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)。防治药剂筛选结果显示,对于禾谷镰刀菌,所选的7种杀菌剂中京彩的防治效果达到93%以上。对于胶孢炭疽菌,代森锰锌在田间推荐量区间内可以实现百分百防治。蓝楷、京彩、施灰乐低浓度时对胶孢炭疽菌的防治效果均达到了90%以上。推荐京彩、施灰乐,代森锰锌和蓝楷作为云南省草果主要真菌病害的优选兼治药剂。     

元麦β-葡聚糖含量的差异性及其影响因素的研究进展

元麦膳食纤维含量丰富,β-葡聚糖含量高,保健功效强,是重要的功能性农产品。为了全面了解不同地区元麦β-葡聚糖含量的差异性及其影响因素,本研究对全国7个不同省份元麦棱型、粒色、β-葡聚糖含量进行了整理和归纳,分析了气候、遗传育种和栽培措施等方面对元麦β-葡聚糖含量的影响。针对有关元麦β-葡聚糖合成筛选的有效基因少,气候与栽培措施对元麦β-葡聚糖的影响较大等问题,提出如下解决建议：（1）通过全基因组关联分析定位筛选相关位点与候选基因,挖掘与利用和β-葡聚糖合成相关的关键或主导基因,为元麦营养育种提供分子基础。（2）实际生产中根据当地气候条件,选择高产高β-葡聚糖含量的加工用营养元麦品种,采用适宜的栽培措施,缓解不良生长环境的影响。元麦分子育种和适宜的栽培措施有助于提高元麦生长适应能力,稳定元麦β-葡聚糖的含量,保障高品质元麦原料,推动健康农业的发展。     

海南黑山羊引种和圈养驯化操作技术

根据本场多年饲养经验,总结海南黑山羊引种、隔离、驯化等操作技术,以期能解决养殖户在引种、驯化过程中存在的误区,避免不必要的损失。     

施用不同配比肥料对番木瓜产量与品质的影响

为探讨不同氮磷钾配合施肥对海南地区番木瓜产量和品质的影响,在海南儋州地区进行了氮磷钾不同配比施肥试验。结果表明:施肥可增加番木瓜的产量,不同氮磷钾的施肥组合有不同的增产效果,增产率变化在25.30%~69.08%之间。其中氮的增产效果最好,磷肥次之,钾肥最差。结合氮、磷、钾各水平的增产情况和经济效益分析,认为N 340 g/株、P2O5470 g/株和K2O 340 g/株为番木瓜高产的推荐配方。番木瓜不同品质指标对氮磷钾不同水平组合的响应不同。施肥显著增加单果重,增幅在5.92%~23.64%之间。钾对单果重的贡献优于磷,氮最差。尽管施肥没有造成番木瓜大多品质指标上的显著差异,但从各品质指标与各元素水平之间的变化趋势关系上给出施肥建议是,番木瓜要维持较高品质,必须慎施氮肥,多施磷、钾肥。结合经济效益和环保因素,从理论上N 210 g/株、P2O5210 g/株和K2O 340 g/株为番木瓜优质的推荐配方。     

云南文山烟区烤烟品种致香物质含量的差异

为了解不同烤烟品种香气物质含量的差异,对云南文山烟区3个主栽品种KRK26、K326和云烟87的多酚、有机酸、挥发性香气物质等致香成分含量进行了分析。结果表明,云南文山3个烤烟主栽品种的各类致香物质含量存在显著差异：云烟87烟叶的杂环类化合物含量突出,显著高于K326和KRK26,醛类物质含量最高,酮类和醇类物质以及质体香味成分的二氢猕猴桃内酯、香叶基丙酮和5,6-环氧-β-紫罗兰酮、亚油酸含量最高;K326烟叶的多酚含量最高,显著高于KRK26和云烟87;KRK26的质体香味中的巨豆三烯酮和柠檬酸含量突出,显著高于K326和云烟87,草酸含量最高,丙二酸含量则显著低于K326和云烟87。     

江苏水稻机插秧发展现状与技术对策

本文简述了江苏省机插秧的发展现状,分析了水稻机插在江苏省推广应用中存在的问题,并从品种应用、育秧环节、栽插规格、肥水运筹等方面阐述了机插秧的高产栽培技术对策。     

Pseudaboydins A and B: Novel Isobenzofuranone Derivatives from Marine Fungus Pseudallescheria boydii Associated with Starfish Acanthaster planci

Two novel isobenzofuranone derivatives, pseudaboydins A (1) and B (2), along with five known compounds, including (R)-2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-5-hydroxybenzofuran (3), (R)-2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-5-methoxybenzofuran (4), 3,3′-dihydroxy-5,5′-dimethyldiphenyl ether (5), 3-(3-methoxy-5-methylphenoxy)-5-methylphenol (6) and (−)-regiolone (7), were isolated from the culture broth of the marine fungus, Pseudallescheria boydii, associated with the starfish, Acanthaster planci. Their structures were elucidated primarily based on NMR and MS data. The absolute configurations of 1–4 were determined by CD spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The cytotoxic and antibacterial activities of 1–4 were evaluated. Pseudaboydin A (1) showed moderate cytotoxic activity against human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line HONE1, human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line SUNE1 and human glandular lung cancer cell line GLC82 with IC₅₀ values of 37.1, 46.5 and 87.2 μM, respectively.     

Cytotoxic and Apoptosis-Inducing Activity of Triterpene Glycosides from Holothuria scabra and Cucumaria frondosa against HepG2 Cells

The cytotoxic effects of thirteen triterpene glycosides from Holothuria scabra Jaeger and Cucumaria frondosa Gunnerus (Holothuroidea) against four human cell lines were detected and their cytotoxicity-structure relationships were established. The apoptosis-inducing activity of a more potent glycoside echinoside A (1) in HepG2 cells was further investigated by determining its effect on the morphology, mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Δψ_m) and mRNA expression levels of the apoptosis-related genes. The results showed that the number of glycosyl residues in sugar chains and the side chain of aglycone could affect their cytotoxicity towards tumor cells and selective cytotoxicity. 1 significantly inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells. 1 also markedly decreased the Δψ_m and Bcl-2/Bax mRNA express ratio, and up-regulated the mRNA expression levels of Caspase-3, Caspase-8 and Caspase-9 in HepG2 cells. Therefore, 1 induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells through both intrinsic and extrinsic pathway. These findings could potentially promote the usage of these glycosides as leading compounds for developing new antitumor drugs.